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pollination syndrome chart

pollination syndromes and floral specialization

pollination syndrome examples

insect pollination is needed for

“Pollinator Syndromes" describe flower characteristics, or traits, that may appeal to a particular type of pollinator. Such characteristics can be used to predict the type of pollinator that will aid the flower in successful reproduction. A combination of color, odor, quantity of nectar, location and type of pollen, and flower structure
Pollination syndromes are suites of flower traits that have evolved in response to natural selection imposed by different pollen vectors, which can be abiotic (wind and water) or biotic, such as birds, bees, flies, and so forth. These traits include flower shape, size, colour, odour, reward type and amount, nectar composition,
26 Jul 2004 Key Words floral evolution, mutualism, plant-animal interaction, pollinator, pollination. ? Abstract Floral evolution has often been associated with differences in pollina- tion syndromes. Recently, this conceptual structure has been criticized on the grounds that flowers attract a broader spectrum of visitors
Animal Pollination Syndromes. Syndrome = a series of characteristics, all related to some function in the plant. Many different kinds of insects function as pollinators; often these involve very different floral characteristics: Bees, butterflies, etc.: 1) flowers showy, with brightly colored petals. 2) flowers usually with some food
Pollination Syndromes and the Evolution of Floral Diversity in Iochroma (Solanaceae). Charles B. Fenster. 1,2,3. , Silvana Marten-Rodriguez. 2,4. , Douglas W. Schemske. 5,6. 1. Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742. 2. Behavior, Ecology, Evolution and Systematics Program, University of
species belongs to the syndrome closest to it in phenotype space. † Conclusions The pollination syndrome hypothesis as usually articulated does not successfully describe the diversity of floral phenotypes or predict the pollinators of most plant species. Caution is suggested when using pollination syndromes for organizing
A global test of the pollination syndrome hypothesis. Jeff Ollerton1,*, Ruben Alarcon2,3,7, Nickolas M. Waser2,4,7, Mary V. Price2,4,7, Stella Watts1, Louise Cranmer1,. Andrew Hingston5, Craig I. Peter6 and John Rotenberry2. 1Landscape and Biodiversity Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, University of
Floral variation among closely related species is thought to often reflect differences in pollination systems. Flowers of the large genus Impatiens are characterized by extensive variation in colour, shape and size and in anther and stigma positioning, but studies of their pollination ecology are scarce and most lack a
Notes on the floral biology and pollination syndrome of Echinopsis chiloensis (Colla) Friedrich & G.D.Rowley (Cactaceae) in a population of semiarid Chile. Notas sobre la biologia floral y sindrome de polinizacion de Echinopsis chiloensis (Colla). Friedrich & G.D.Rowley (Cactaceae) en una poblacion de Chile semiarido.
Nevertheless, the larger framework surrounding pollination syndromes can be revised and extended to account more subtly for many major features of floral evolution that involve specialization onto disparate pollinators. Such evolutionary changes in specialization should be distinguished from the ecological state of

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March 2018