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Think Stats: Exploratory Data Analysis
by Allen B. Downey
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If you know how to program, you have the skills to turn data into knowledge, using tools of probability and statistics. This concise introduction shows you how to perform statistical analysis
Think Stats: Exploratory Data Analysis Allen B. Downey
Nevertheless, the code and syntax has little in the way of introduction and is thus interesting to read and understand, but much harder to apply from scratch (perhaps that is the intention) - perhaps by actually going through numpy, pandas and modelling packages things would be easier to apply eventuallyValidationWhen data is exported from one software environment and imported into another, errors might be introducedBut dealing with missing data will be a recurring issue.The last line of CleanFemPreg creates a new column totalwgtlb that combines pounds and ounces into a single quantity, in pounds.One important note: when you add a new column to a DataFrame, you must use dictionary syntax, like this: # CORRECT df['totalwgtlb'] = df.birthwgtlb + df.birthwgtoz / 16.0Not dot notation, like this: # WRONG! df.totalwgtlb = df.birthwgtlb + df.birthwgtoz / 16.0The version with dot notation adds an attribute to the DataFrame object, but that attribute is not treated as a new columnFor information about downloading and working with this code, see Using the Code.Once you download the code, you should have a folder called ThinkStats2/code with a file called nsfg.pyBut if you look more closely, you will notice one value that has to be an error, a 51 pound baby!To deal with this error, I added a line to CleanFemPreg:df.birthwgtlb[df.birthwgtlb > 20] = np.nanThis statement replaces invalid values with np.nan.Reload to refresh your sessionThe code 1 indicates a live birth.pregordr is a pregnancy serial number; for example, the code for a respondents first pregnancy is 1, for the second pregnancy is 2, and so on.birthord is a serial number for live births; the code for a respondents first child is 1, and so on.Along the way, you'll become familiar with distributions, the rules of probability, visualization, and many other tools and conceptsIn addition they use several special codes:97 NOT ASCERTAINED 98 REFUSED 99 DON'T KNOWSpecial values encoded as numbers are dangerous because if they are not handled properly, they can generate bogus results, like a 99-pound babyRead the related blog Probably Overthinking ItAnd everything is learned in isolation, often without practice in getting her hands dirtyBe persistent!Footnotes should have been better chosen.I'm going to stop here because I'm just too frustrated by how much time I spent on thisIf you take time to validate the data, you can save time later and avoid errors.One way to validate data is to compute basic statistics and compare them with published resultsVariablesWe have already seen two variables in the NSFG dataset, caseid and pregordr, and we have seen that there are 244 variables in totalSomeone who speaks Python and wants to port all of her Stata skillz onto pandas (the Python library, not the Chinese bear - okay, also the Chinese bear*)The book presents a case study using data from the National Institutes of HealthThere is a surprising amount of Calculus referencedThis concise introduction shows you how to perform statistical analysis computationally, rather than mathematically, with programs written in Pythonflag Like see review Berkeley and Master's and Bachelor's degrees from MITMiscarriages are common and there are other respondents who reported as many or more.But remembering the context, this data tells the story of a woman who was pregnant six times, each time ending in miscarriageHe has a Ph.DI didn't finish itDownload this book in PDFThere might be flaws in the data or the analysis that make the conclusion unreliableA good oneYou can't perform that action at this timeI think he's great.One annoyancePregnancy data from Cycle 6 of the NSFG is in a file called 2002FemPreg.dat.gz; it is a gzip-compressed data file in plain text (ASCII), with fixed width columnsI have started giving them this to work on when they first start with me, both for the programming in Python and to learn statistics and data analysis so they can be useful.I received a free electronic copy of Think Stats from the O'Reilly Blogger review programTo purchase books, visit Amazon or your favorite retailer c6927ae614 https://quenakcaleapf.podbean.com/e/froggy-plays-t-ball-mobi-download-book/ https://disqus.com/home/discussion/channel-throsanpicpi/table_fables_a_collection_of_tables_for_the_weary_game_master_ebook_rar/ https://celsubergsoc.podbean.com/e/international-organizations-politics-law-practice-free-download/ http://rienecsuithira.blogcu.com/an-introduction-to-the-old-testament-poetic-books-download/34335520 http://www.scoop.it/t/rennessdismaipur/p/4084204618/2017/09/04/lost-animals-extinction-and-the-photographic-record-mobi-download-book https://diigo.com/0a68ra https://spiculop.enjin.com/home/m/43413135/article/4431262 http://www.scoop.it/t/pimosbangreme/p/4084204617/2017/09/04/diary-of-a-minecraft-enderman-ninja-book-2-unofficial-minecraft-books-for-kids-teens-nerds-adventure-fan-fiction-diary-series-skeleton-steve-collection-elias-the-enderman-ninja-bo http://riaflexnonrekind.hatenablog.com/entry/2017/09/05/031116 https://diigo.com/0a68rb
If you know how to program, you have the skills to turn data into knowledge, using tools of probability and statistics. This concise introduction shows you how to perform statistical analysis
Think Stats: Exploratory Data Analysis Allen B. Downey
Nevertheless, the code and syntax has little in the way of introduction and is thus interesting to read and understand, but much harder to apply from scratch (perhaps that is the intention) - perhaps by actually going through numpy, pandas and modelling packages things would be easier to apply eventuallyValidationWhen data is exported from one software environment and imported into another, errors might be introducedBut dealing with missing data will be a recurring issue.The last line of CleanFemPreg creates a new column totalwgtlb that combines pounds and ounces into a single quantity, in pounds.One important note: when you add a new column to a DataFrame, you must use dictionary syntax, like this: # CORRECT df['totalwgtlb'] = df.birthwgtlb + df.birthwgtoz / 16.0Not dot notation, like this: # WRONG! df.totalwgtlb = df.birthwgtlb + df.birthwgtoz / 16.0The version with dot notation adds an attribute to the DataFrame object, but that attribute is not treated as a new columnFor information about downloading and working with this code, see Using the Code.Once you download the code, you should have a folder called ThinkStats2/code with a file called nsfg.pyBut if you look more closely, you will notice one value that has to be an error, a 51 pound baby!To deal with this error, I added a line to CleanFemPreg:df.birthwgtlb[df.birthwgtlb > 20] = np.nanThis statement replaces invalid values with np.nan.Reload to refresh your sessionThe code 1 indicates a live birth.pregordr is a pregnancy serial number; for example, the code for a respondents first pregnancy is 1, for the second pregnancy is 2, and so on.birthord is a serial number for live births; the code for a respondents first child is 1, and so on.Along the way, you'll become familiar with distributions, the rules of probability, visualization, and many other tools and conceptsIn addition they use several special codes:97 NOT ASCERTAINED 98 REFUSED 99 DON'T KNOWSpecial values encoded as numbers are dangerous because if they are not handled properly, they can generate bogus results, like a 99-pound babyRead the related blog Probably Overthinking ItAnd everything is learned in isolation, often without practice in getting her hands dirtyBe persistent!Footnotes should have been better chosen.I'm going to stop here because I'm just too frustrated by how much time I spent on thisIf you take time to validate the data, you can save time later and avoid errors.One way to validate data is to compute basic statistics and compare them with published resultsVariablesWe have already seen two variables in the NSFG dataset, caseid and pregordr, and we have seen that there are 244 variables in totalSomeone who speaks Python and wants to port all of her Stata skillz onto pandas (the Python library, not the Chinese bear - okay, also the Chinese bear*)The book presents a case study using data from the National Institutes of HealthThere is a surprising amount of Calculus referencedThis concise introduction shows you how to perform statistical analysis computationally, rather than mathematically, with programs written in Pythonflag Like see review Berkeley and Master's and Bachelor's degrees from MITMiscarriages are common and there are other respondents who reported as many or more.But remembering the context, this data tells the story of a woman who was pregnant six times, each time ending in miscarriageHe has a Ph.DI didn't finish itDownload this book in PDFThere might be flaws in the data or the analysis that make the conclusion unreliableA good oneYou can't perform that action at this timeI think he's great.One annoyancePregnancy data from Cycle 6 of the NSFG is in a file called 2002FemPreg.dat.gz; it is a gzip-compressed data file in plain text (ASCII), with fixed width columnsI have started giving them this to work on when they first start with me, both for the programming in Python and to learn statistics and data analysis so they can be useful.I received a free electronic copy of Think Stats from the O'Reilly Blogger review programTo purchase books, visit Amazon or your favorite retailer c6927ae614 https://quenakcaleapf.podbean.com/e/froggy-plays-t-ball-mobi-download-book/ https://disqus.com/home/discussion/channel-throsanpicpi/table_fables_a_collection_of_tables_for_the_weary_game_master_ebook_rar/ https://celsubergsoc.podbean.com/e/international-organizations-politics-law-practice-free-download/ http://rienecsuithira.blogcu.com/an-introduction-to-the-old-testament-poetic-books-download/34335520 http://www.scoop.it/t/rennessdismaipur/p/4084204618/2017/09/04/lost-animals-extinction-and-the-photographic-record-mobi-download-book https://diigo.com/0a68ra https://spiculop.enjin.com/home/m/43413135/article/4431262 http://www.scoop.it/t/pimosbangreme/p/4084204617/2017/09/04/diary-of-a-minecraft-enderman-ninja-book-2-unofficial-minecraft-books-for-kids-teens-nerds-adventure-fan-fiction-diary-series-skeleton-steve-collection-elias-the-enderman-ninja-bo http://riaflexnonrekind.hatenablog.com/entry/2017/09/05/031116 https://diigo.com/0a68rb