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bromination of anisole
organic chemistry benzene reactions
electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions
toluene + br2 reaction
halogenation of benzene mechanism
bromination of aniline mechanism
nitration of toluene mechanism
iodination of benzene mechanism
Chapter 16: Chemistry of Benzene: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution. Electrophilic – positively charged species searching for electron density. Aromatic – benzene ring with a high electron density. Substitution – the overall reaction is the replacement of H by the electrophile E. H. H. H. H. H. H. E. +. E. H. H. H. H. H. +. H+. H.
Organic Lecture Series. 1. Reactions of. Benzene &. Its Derivatives. Chapter 22. Organic Lecture Series. 2. Reactions of Benzene. The most characteristic reaction of aromatic compounds is substitution at a ring carbon: +. +. Chlorobenzene. Halogenation: H. Cl. Cl. 2. FeCl. 3. HCl. +. +. Nitrobenzene. Nitration: H. NO. 2. HNO.
27 Dec 2010 >Unlike an addition reaction, the benzene ring reacts further so that it may regenerate the very stable aromatic system. >In step 1 of the mechanism, the electrophile reacts with two ? electrons from the aromatic ring to form an arenium ion. ?. The arenium ion is stabilized by resonance which delocalizes
alkali fusion reaction sulfur analogue of a carboxylic acids. SO3, H2SO4. S. H2O. O. OH. O. Benzene sulfonic acid. SO3H. OH phenol a) NaOH, 300° C b) H3O+. 46. 16.3: Alkylation of Aromatic Rings: The Friedel-Crafts Reaction. Cl. AlCl3 strong. Lewis acid. + AlCl4 carbocation. Cl. + alkyl halide. (electrophile). AlCl3. + HCl
Halogenation of Benzene (17-2). While benzene is similar in structure to alkenes, it is much less reactive. – Reactions are usually endothermic because they require loss of aromaticity (stability). 455
Benzene - Kekule Benzene – Orbital Overlap Model• The first structure for be
What we have done in this case is substitute a bromine atom for a hydrogen atom. Hence the reaction is termed an “aromatic substitution." Because the benzene ring is quite electron-rich, it almost always behaves as the nucleophile in a reaction - which means that the substitution on benzene occurs by the addition of an
It has 120o bond angles and sp2 carbons. It is a planar molecule with parallel and overlapping p- orbitals. Benzene experiences a high degree of resonance and aromaticity which means any reaction breaking a double bond will have very high activation energy. Finally, benzene has electrons above and below the ring
Bromination of Benzene. Bromination follows the same general mechanism for the electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS). Bromine itself is not electrophilic enough to react with benzene. But the addition of a strong Lewis acid (electron pair acceptor), such as FeBr3, catalyses the reaction, and leads to the substitution
I. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution. The most characteristic reaction of aromatic compounds is electrophilic aromatic substitution, in which one of the ring hydrogens is substituted by a halogen, nitro group, sulfonic acid group, alkyl or acyl group. A. Chlorination & Bromination of Benzene. Recall: RCCl. O. Br2. FeBr3. HNO3.
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