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Supporting Different Sizes in IA-32. • Three main data sizes. • Byte (b): 1 byte. • Word (w): 2 bytes. • Long (l): 4 bytes. • Separate assembly-language instructions. • E.g., addb, addw, and addl. • Separate ways to access (parts of) a register. • E.g., %ah or %al, %ax, and %eax. • Larger sizes (e.g., struct). • Manipulated in smaller
18 Nov 2008 Note that the IA32 instruction set is described in several large volumes made freely available by Intel. These volumes should not be read cover to cover, but should be used to look up particular technical details once you have read this introduction. In particular, volumes 2A and 2B describe every instruction
?Fixed instruction formats of MIPS. – Simple decoding logic. – Waste of memory space. – Limited addressing modes. ?Variable length formats of IA32. – Difficult to decode; sequential decoding. – Compact machine codes. – Accommodate versatile addressing modes. CS 365. 16. ?Large pool of general purpose registers
Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures. Software Developer's Manual. Volume 2 (2A, 2B, 2C & 2D):. Instruction Set Reference, A-Z. NOTE: The Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manual consists of three volumes: Basic Architecture, Order Number 253665; Instruction Set Reference A-Z, Order Number 325383;.
IA32 instructions. Addressing modes. • Immediate. $val Val val: constant integer value movl $17, %eax. • Normal. (R). Mem[Reg[R]]. R: register R specifies memory address movl (%ecx), %eax. • Displacement. D(R). Mem[Reg[R]+D]. R: register specifies start of memory region. D: constant displacement D specifies offset.
leal is a way to perform a multiplication by a small constant on a cheap, if the constant is a power of two plus one. The idea is that leal without an offset is equivalent to "Reg1 = Reg2+Reg3*Scale". If Reg2 and Reg3 happen to match, that means "Reg1=Reg2*(Scale+1). leal only supports scale factors up to
Jump instructions (IA32). Help to implement instruction sequences that implement the control constructs of C. Alters sequential execution. Control passes to different location. Other than next instruction. Based on some test. Single-bit condition code registers. Describes the attributes of the most recent arithmetic or.
add instruction from other instructions We are not that concerned with machine code, but it's good to keep track of what needs to be encoded in an instruction. Page 9. IA32. 9. Adding bytes (8 bit registers) addb srcreg, dstreg. – treats the contents of both registers as 8 bit integers. – adds the contents of the two registers and
This chapter is intended to be a reference you can use when programming in IA-32 assembly. It covers the most important aspects of the IA-32 architecture. 2.1 Assembly Language Statements. All assembly instructions, assembler directives and macros use the following format: [label] mnemonic [operands] [; comment].
IA32 Assembly Instructions (Common ones). Page 1 of 2. Registers. %eax, %ebx, %ecx, %edx, %esi, %edi, %esp, %ebp. Operand Forms (for S & D). Type. Form. Value. Immediate. $Imm. Imm. Register. Ea. R[Ea]. Memory. Imm. M[Imm]. Memory. (Ea). M[R[Ea]]. Memory. Imm(Eb). M[Imm + R[Eb]]. Memory. (Eb,Ei). M[R[Eb] +
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