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Section ______. Geostrophic Winds. Purpose: Use the concept of geostrophic winds to predict the wind speed at 500 mb. Equipment: Station Thermometer. Min./Max. Thermometer. Anemometer. Barometer. Psychrometer. Rain Gauge. Psychometric Tables. Barometric Correction Tables. I. Surface observation. (Optional).
Meteorology Basics: Geostrophic Wind. Written by: LEUNG Waihung December 2010. Differential heating on the Earth's surface causes variation in air temperatures at different places. Warmer air expands and brings lower air density and pressure, while the surrounding cooler air has a higher air density and pressure.
Coriolis Force. Pressure gradient force: Pressure diff/distance. = 2 x Earth Rotation Rate x sin (latitude) x velocity. The key to solving the mystery that winds blow around, instead of towards, the low pressure center. The Coriolis force (CF) turns wind in parallel to isobars. > Geostrophic wind. A balance between PGF and CF
when there is relative motion. Lecture 13 Forces and Wind II. Geostrophic wind. (William Ferrel, 1856; Buys Ballot, 1857). • Direction: in parallel to isobars, with high pressure to the right and low to the left in the Northern Hemisphere. (opposite in the Southern Hemisphere). • Magnitude: proportional to the spacing of isobars.
STEADY-STATE FORCE BALANCES. (1) Pressure gradient and Coriolis forces. Geostrophic Flow. Thermal Wind Equation y p f u. 0. 1. = y f g z u. 0. = (2) Coriolis force and wind stress. Ekman transport y. Wind. xE f. M x. 1. = (3) Geostrophy (1) + continuity. Potential vorticity conservation. Lagrangian. Eulerian. (. ) H f ?. +.
4 Mar 2003 where bz is a unit vector in the vertical direction. In situations where (as is always the case) Eq.(2) is only an approximate balance, the velocity u defined by (2) – involving only the horizontal components of u – is known as the geostrophic wind (or current). Rewriting Eq.(2), we can define the geostrophic
14. Geostrophic balance - the most fundamental horizontal force balance when the pressure gradient force is counter balanced by the. Coriolis force. PGF + CF = 0. The resulting wind is called Geostrophic wind. Geostrophic wind is good approximation to winds above earth's surface. Geostrophic Wind
ESS55. Prof. Jin-Yi Yu. Lecture 4: Pressure and Wind. ? Pressure, Measurement, Distribution. ? Forces Affect Wind. ? Geostrophic Balance. ? Winds in Upper Atmosphere. ? Near-Surface Winds. ? Hydrostatic Balance (why the sky isn't falling!) ? Thermal Wind Balance
30 Sep 2014 where ? = latitude, ? = the rotation rate of the Earth (7.292 x 10-5 s-1), u = zonal component of the wind, v = meridional component of the wind, w = vertical component of the wind, p = pressure, ? = density, f = 2? sin ? = Coriolis parameter, and a = Earth's radius (6.378 x 106 m). The second and third terms
Calculate the direction and speed of the geostrophic wind. Solution: The pressure gradient force P is directed northward across the isobars and its magnitude is given by g (?Z/?n) where g is the gravita- tional acceleration, Z is geopotential height, and n is the direction (locally) normal to the isobars. The derivative ?Z/?n
Annons