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Youth and crime muncie pdf
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Youth and crime. 2nd edition. Muncie, John (2004). Youth and crime. 2nd edition. London, UK: Sage Publications Ltd.. Now thoroughly updated, this second edition has been rewritten to include new material on anti-social behaviour, street crime, youth gangs, victimisation, social exclusion, drugs,. their own unique rules and methods for compiling data on youth crime and sentencing disposals. However, in recent years, one of the editors of this book has written a series of articles which attempt to develop a comparative analytical framework for the critical appraisal of international youth justice (Muncie 2005,. 2006). assertions are sometimes made without necessarily providing the supporting evidence. For instance, on page 5, Deuchar talks about a rise in a culture of fear. It would have been useful to put this into the context that crime has fallen – and that fear of crime is such a problematic concept (see, for example, Jackson et al.,. within which youth crime routinely occurs. Why is it that the social profiles of 'young. 2002; Muncie, 2004), Canada (Schissel, 2002) or the USA (Krisberg, 2005). The processes whereby identifiable. indigenous young people in the criminal justice system in Australia (Cunneen,. 2001), New Zealand (Ministry of Justice and. The globalization of crime control—the case of youth and juvenile justice: Neo-liberalism, policy convergence and international conventions. JOHN MUNCIE. The Open University, UK. Abstract. The concept of globalization has gradually permeated criminology, but more so as applied to transnational organized crime,. Youth and Crime [John Muncie] on Amazon.com. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. The Third Edition of this definitive, best-selling text offers the most comprehensive and authoritative overview of youth and crime available. Two new chapters on Youth Victimology and Comparative and International Youth Justice have. This book provides you with the most comprehensive and authoritative overview of youth crime and youth justice available. Keeping you abreast of contemporary debates, this fourth edition of Youth and Crime : Includes updated chapters on youth crime discourse and data, youth victimology, youth and social policy, youth. Webpage | E-Publication | Available as a pdf file. Click on link for access. Devils and angels: youth policy and crime - Fionda, Julia, 2005. Book | See Chapter 4. Lecture 2 - Theories of juvenile delinquency (4 items). Chapter 4: Explaining Youth Crime II: Radical and Realist Criminologies - John Muncie. Chapter | Digitised. Youth Justice. DOI: 10.1177/147322540200200203. 2002; 2; 82. Youth Justice. Barry Goldson and Janet Jamieson. Youth Crime, the 'Parenting Deficit' and State.. of family socialisation and parental behaviour' (Muncie, 1984: 45).. Muncie (1999: 137) has observed that 'the term ''new right'' escapes easy definition' but,. Youth. Victimisation. John Muncie examines the degree of over-control and lack of protection afforded to young people on the streets, in the home and in institutions. The vast majority of research on youth and crime in the UK has focussed on young people as offenders rather than as victims of crime. Indeed, if victimology in. Youth and Crime has 15 ratings and 1 review. Chrisv said: I'm using this as core text for a module (political discourse) for my degree. It's pretty helpf... Download PDF PDF download for Review: Youth Crime and Justice Barry Goldson and John Muncie (eds, Article information. the Youth Justice System', Youth and Policy 70: 52-70. Google Scholar. Rogowski, S. (2003/04) `Young Offenders : Towards a Radical/Critical Social Work Practice' , Youth and Policy 82: 60-74. 1. White, R. and Cunneen, C. (2015) 'Social Class, Youth Crime and Justice' in. Goldson, B. and Muncie, J. (eds) Youth, Crime and Justice, (2nd ed), Sage, London. ISBN 9781446210833, pp17-30. CHAPTER 2. Social Class, Youth Crime and Youth Justice. Rob White and Chris Cunneen. This chapter discusses the central. Municie & Goldson(YCJ)-Prelims.qxd. 4/18/2006. 10:46 AM. Page iii. Youth Crime and Justice Critical Issues. Edited by. Barry Goldson and. John Muncie.... B. The Observer. London: Profile Books. A. S. A. 9. in M. Pitts (eds) Crime. Goethals. 11 June. (2003) 'Youth Perspectives'. S.pdf Bottoms. Crawford. Fijnaut. Culture. This chapter discusses the central place of class in understanding the reasons for the marginalisation and criminalisation of substantial sections of the youth. TO WHAT EXTENT HAS MUNCIE'S. 'PUNITIVE TURN' BECOME A GLOBAL. TREND IN INTERNATIONAL YOUTH. JUSTICE? Laura Cook. 1. Keywords: Punitive Turn, Youth Justice, Criminal Responsibility, Restorative Justice,. Welfare. Introduction. Youth justice is still a fairly new aspect of the criminal justice system in. 82 Youth and Crime. The repeated fear has been that youth are getting out of control. Often the solution is believed tolie in the past, harking back to somemythical. 'golden age' of peace and tranquillity when young people 'knew their place'. But these notions do not allow us to see the issue with any clar- ity. The recurring. By Barry Goldson, John Muncie. Adolescence Crime and Justice offers an authoritative and obtainable assessment of youngster crime and adolescence coverage advancements within the united kingdom. It engages readers with key debates, reading formative years crime and justice in context, and. introduced to describe - the latter association with youth crime – a behaviour that is deemed to be undesirable and which may or may not hold the same penalty as adult crimes (Muncie, 2009: 79). Criminal acts that were commonly committed by adults are now being committed by youths, for instance the two 10 year old. Buy Youth and Crime, 3rd Edition 3 by John Muncie (ISBN: 9781847874320) from Amazon's Book Store. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. Youth justice is, in the United Kingdom at least, currently undergoing significant changes both from a policy and political standpoint, as well as in practice. The field of teaching texts in youth justice is consequently a busy place. John Muncie's seminal text Youth and Crime (2009) is widely recognized as the. based, children first approaches (Haines and Case 2015, ; Goldson and Muncie,. 2015; National Association. welfare of the child as paramount as it sought to deal with youth crime through civil mechanisms under the... e_operation_and_effectiveness_of_the_youth_court.pdf (accessed Jan 2015). McAra, L. and McVie,. legislation, called the Youth Criminal Justice Act. Youth and Crime - John Muncie - Google Books. `The second edition of Youth and Crime is once again immensely scholarly and important `Muncie observes,. "the study of youth justice ultimately tells us more. Browse Titles | Irwin Law. PDF File: Youth Justice 3rd Edition. 2. primary sphere of criminal justice governance, gender blindness has resulted in an increase in the number of girls and women appearing in court and, ultimately, in prison (Worrall, 2002). Patterns of Female Youth Offending and Criminalization. Changes in legislation and policy hinder the analysis of recent. young people. 98. Aoife Griffin. Chapter 11: Young people and street crime in an inner city Dublin community: An ethnographic approach. 104. Jonathan Ilan.... Court: a pilot research project, Irish. Association for the Study of Delinquency, available online at http://www.iasd.ie/reports/Dublin%20Children%20Court.PDF. Goldson, B. and Muncie, J. (eds) Youth, Crime and Justice (2nd ed), Sage, London. ISBN 9781446210833, pp. more broadly; as a social movement seeking specific change in the way in which youth and criminal justice systems - and. government reports and other youth/criminal justice publications. A report published. Since New Labour came to power in 1997 youth crime has remained high on the UK political agenda. Labour's main.. Muncie, 2006, p 783) because ASBOs are used to censure young people's perceived anti-social behaviour..... http://www.dfid.gov.uk/pubs/files/social-exclusion.pdf. Elliott, D. (1990) Suffer the children:. Goldson, B & Muncie, J (eds)(2008) Youth, crime and justice : critical issues, London: Sage. Haines. Muncie, J (2009) Youth and crime (3rd ed), London: Sage. Muncie.. London: Home Office. http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/hors209.pdf Graham, J. and Bowling, B. (1995) Young People and Crime. cally right-wing law and order, or 'get-tough', thinking about crime (Muncie,. 2005). The argument that moral panics and repenalization are more often directed at visible ethnic minorities and the poor is supported by evidence from the. Canadian experience over the last two decades. While Canadian youth crime rates. 'punitive turn' in juvenile justice, Muncie (2008: 110) argues that in Western Europe and the US. 'punitive values. which points to the crucial way in which political actors define the 'problems' of youth and crime. (Field and.... http://www.howardleague.org/fileadmin/howard_league/user/pdf/Letters/Letter_to_JCHR_on_UN.
Rod. Morgan, Newburn Tim, 2012. Chapter | Essential. Seminar 1: Histories of Youth Crime and the Juvenile Justice System (33 items). Essential Reading for Sociology and Social Policy Students: (3 items). Histories of Youth Crime and Youth Justice - H. Hendrick. Chapter | Essential. Youth and Crime - John Muncie, c2015. This article addresses features of the English and Welsh youth justice system, and sets out the main areas of. dealing with youth crime, the demand for punishment was allied to a concern to reform wayward children... Dialectics of Criminal Justice Reform' in Muncie, J., Hughes, G. and McLaughlin,. E. (eds) Youth Justice:. Summary of module content: perceptions of young people and the 'crime problem' in late modern societies; offers a critical perspective on the construction of youth crime and State responses to it; examines understandings of 'youth' as a social problem and the relationship between social exclusion and young people's. instead of incarceration for young people. Serving time in a juvenile facility in the United. States has been found to be a risk factor for later involvement in the adult criminal justice system,5 as.. 11 John Muncie and Barry Boldson, “England and Wales: The New Correctionalism" in Comparative Youth Justice. (London: Sage. Youth And Crime Of Muncie John 3rd Third Edition On 18 March 2009 Pdf youth sport vs. youth crime - fair play for children - youth sport vs. youth crime evidence that youth engaged in organized sport are not likely to participate in criminal activities by david carmichaelhsrc youth crime discussion paper. How do you feel about the level of youth crime in this country? • Do young people who commit crime. people who commit criminal acts (Crime and Disorder Act 1998; Youth Justice and. Criminal Evidence Act 1999;. of England and Wales having the highest incarceration rates for young people in Europe (Muncie, 2009). Neoliberal penality, children's rights, globalisation, racialisation, criminal responsibility, juvenile justice, comparative research. Introduction. The gradual separation of systems of juvenile and youth justice from adult justice that was initiated in many Western jurisdictions from the mid‐ to the late‐nineteenth century onwards. White, Rob, and Cunneen, Chris (2006) Social class, youth crime and justice. In: Goldson, Barry, and Muncie, John, (eds.) Youth Crime and Justice. Sage Publications, London, UK, pp. 17-29.. Download (216kB) · [img], PDF (Published Version) - Published Version Restricted to Repository staff only. (Pitts, 1988; Newburn,1995; Muncie 1999, Matthews and Young, 2003; Smith, 2006). The current policy. There is, however, evidence of a hardening of opinion in respect of youth crime prior to this murder (Allen, 2002),.... Available at: http://www.waltoncharity.org.uk/Walton/Letters/FormForm-93-41836.5823611111.pdf. Google Scholar. 21 Papalia N, Thomas SD, Ching H, Daffern M. Changes in the prevalence and nature of violent crime by youth in Victoria, Australia.. Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, 2014 (https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/ECN.1520145_EN.pdf). Google Scholar. Youth crime in England and Wales under the UK Coalition government is not what it was, in at least two senses. First. policy transfer was more likely with the United States than with European neighbours (Muncie,. 2008).. youth offending was to confirm that market mechanisms proposed for other areas of criminal justice. Abstract. This paper, drawing upon qualitative data produced through interviews with custody officers (COs) at two custody suites in England, examines how the vulnerability of children and young people is conceptualised generally, within the criminal process, and then, more specifically, in police custody. 'In Youth and Crime, John Muncie accomplishes the extraordinarily difficult feat of covering a huge territory, introducing his subject matter in an accessible form, and yet offering original analysis and insight. This is a wonderfully accomplished textbook which leaves its rivals standing. The Third Edition is everything we have. 2005; Muncie 2008). Some are to be found in the renewed emphasis on penal philosophies such as retribution and incapacita- tion, and in related sentencing policies... youth crime. The need for youth justice reform, a widely accepted notion in all of these countries, stemmed from the need to replace old (often Soviet or. The Juvenile Court And The Future Response To Youth Crime: A Vision for Community Juvenile Justice. 1998 - Juvenile and Family. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/676072/youth_justice_statistics_2016-17.pdf [Accessed 11 Feb. 2018]. Book. Youth And Crime Of Muncie John 3rd Third Edition On 18 March 2009 Pdf youth sport vs. youth crime - fair play for children - youth sport vs. youth crime evidence that youth engaged in organized sport are not likely to participate in criminal activities by david carmichaeltackling youth knife crime - 6 tackling. He concludes that this 'mélange of measures reveals the fundamental contradictions underlying a youth justice system cemented around loosely defined notions of 'crime prevention and reduction'' (Muncie, 2002, p. 156); although he also acknowledges that common underlying features are still to be noted. Youth And Crime Of Muncie John 3rd Third Edition On 18 March 2009 Pdf youth sport vs. youth crime - fair play for children - youth sport vs. youth crime evidence that youth engaged in organized sport are not likely to participate in criminal activities by david carmichaeltackling youth knife crime - 6 tackling. This book, along with its companion volume Comparative Youth Justice (edited by John Muncie and Barry. Goldson) , will significantly advance the development of an emerging a#39;youth criminologya#39;. Related PDF Books Download: Lensman From Rigel. An assassin's attack has nearly killed. 3 Public perceptions of youth crime. 7. 3.1 The extent and nature of the literature on public perceptions. 7. 3.2 Public perceptions of crime generally. 7. 3.3 Is it as bad as we think it is? The literature on public perceptions of youth crime. 8. 3.4 NFER's analysis of youth crime and perceptions data. 8. 3.5 Youth crime: do people.
Criminal Justice and Political Cultures. 152. Chapter 8. Youth justice: globalisation and multi-modal governance. John Muncie. Conventional comparative criminology has long been beset with problems of partiality, Anglo-Americanism and a reliance on descriptive analyses of similarity and difference. Nevertheless interest. Key Developments in Scottish Youth Justice' in B. Goldson, B. and J. Muncie (ed.),. Youth Crime and Justice (London: Sage, 2006). The Scottish system of juvenile justice, with its commitment to welfarism, has historically provided a strong contrast to the approaches favoured south of the border. Since 1971 the. 'children's. primarily have jurisdiction over young people's antisocial and criminal behaviour, though housing... recorded number of young offenders in England and Wales dropped quite dramatically (Muncie and... http://www.ncb.org.uk/media/1150494/appgc_police_data_report_july_2014_final.pdf [Accessed 9. John Muncie. Abstract. Poverty, malnutrition, pollution, medical negligence, state violence, corporate corruption and so on carry with them widespread and damaging consequences but are rarely if ever included in assessments of the 'crime problem'. Notions of 'crime' also seem to offer a peculiarly blinkered version of the. The youth court was formed more than 100 years ago, having been established by the Children Act 1908 to hear, for the first time, the cases of children (those. as the juvenile court, it took a holistic approach to the children appearing before it, dealing with welfare as well as criminal matters (Goldson and Muncie, 2006, p. Those that cannot be named, so as to ensure the confidentiality of the young people, are the staff of various... the UK that crime is ubiquitous amongst all social classes and personality types, and as Muncie (1999: 99). political emphasis on youth crime and youth problems as opposed to adult crime and adult problems. Miracle' and associated reductions in youth crime and violence in the City were solely the result... depredations' (as quoted in Muncie 2011). In 2002.... rpt-full.pdf). The US Department of Justice launched the Defending Childhood Initiative in 2010 to address children's exposure to violence as both victims and witnesses. ONE MUnCIE. ONE VISIOn. A STRATEGIC YOUTH ACTION PLAN. Prepared for: Mayor Dennis Tyler, The. City of Muncie, the Indiana Housing... Availability of adequate mental health services. • Dilapidated structures and deteriorating housing stock. • Weakening tax base and job opportunities. • Crime. and youth crime in a social policy context, and examines the care and control systems set up. of youth offending. • analysed patterns of youthful offending. • reviewed current debates on the direction of juvenile crime and its treatment. Practical Skills:. J.MUNCIE, Youth and Crime: A Critical Introduction, (2nd edition; 2004). Crimes and Misdemeanours 3/2 (2009) ISSN 1754-0445. 1. EDITORIAL: YOUTH AND CRIME: CENTENNIAL REFLECTIONS. ON THE CHILDREN ACT 1908. Kate Bradley, Anne Logan and Simon Shaw. 1. Introduction. 2008 marked the centenary of a landmark piece of Edwardian social legislation: the. Children Act 1908. MAINSTREAM evaluations of criminal justice programmes focus on recidivism as a benchmark. However, the more research we do on youth justice practices and trajectories of youngsters through them, the more it becomes clear that the effect of a judicial intervention is something far more complex. One important. Criminological theories on the causes of crime, both individual and structural, have significantly influenced the. juvenile justice differ from the way that youth crime is managed today. This writer's research has revealed... goals, such as cost effectiveness (Muncie 1999, p.148-153). In the UK, while the Conservative Party. To provide students with an understanding of the development of the youth justice system and a grounding in key debates about the treatment and punishment of young offenders. 2. To examine the changing patterns and forms of youth crime. 3. To provide a critical perspective on key concepts and perceptions of youth. As noted above, in addition to supporting children and young people in the criminal justice system to secure.. A perceived incompatibility with a managerialist, target-driven culture (Muncie,. 2006) is also... for Penal Reform. http://www.urboss.org.uk/downloads/use_your_situation_final.pdf [accessed. 20 March 2015]. This pdf document is presented in digital edition of muncie hot shift pto troubleshooting and it can be searched throughout the net in such search engines as google, bing and yahoo. This document' special edition was completed with some very related documents like : youth and crime of muncie john 3rd third edition on 18. Research has consistently identified that young people living in marginalised working class communities are disproportionately likely to be the victims of crime and suffer its effects (Morgan and Zedner 1992, Young and Lea 1993, Muncie 2004). However, in current discourses about youth and crime, it appears that young. causes of crime. 188. 9.2.1 Application of knowledge in the youth justice system. 189. 9.2.2 Practitioners views on unrestricted practice. 189. 9.2.3 Practitioner.. highly trained, motivated and qualified staff (see for example, Goldson and Muncie, 2006;.... justice/national-standards-trial/national-standards-trial-2012.pdf. Table 6: Methodologies and locations of Scottish research on youth violence (1990-2010). 66. FIGURES. Figure 1:.. Long-term trends in criminal convictions for violent crimes and offences show an increase over a ten-year.... Muncie, J. (1999) Youth and Crime: A Critical Introduction London: Sage. Newburn, T. (2007). (Muncie, 2001). It is surprising that more is not done to ascertain the reality of youth crime, given the apparent levels of public concern, as well as the time and resources invested in addressing what is commonly perceived to be a growing problem. The facts are that 'overall' crime levels are not rising (a fact. Responding to youth crime: reconnecting the disconnected. Jonathan Evans. INTRODUCTION. This article considers the nature of young people's offending and. with the formal criminal justice system risks having a toxic effect on young people.... Goldson B. and Muncie J. (eds), Youth Crime and Justice, Sage, London. The chapter then turns to the broader problem of the social exclusion of youth in Canada. Drawing upon the recent work of John Muncie (2008), and Elliott Currie (2004), I focus on what scholars have called the ''punitive turn,'' both within families and within the broader social structure in which the criminal justice system is. Key words: youth participation, young offenders, delinquency, juvenile justice system, custodial. social control institutions are rarely effective (Smith, 1994; Asquith, 1996; Muncie, 2001,. 2008; Anderson et al.,.. And just like back then, the debate on youth offending is often reduced to questions on the criminal liability of. interventions with children in conflict with the law and how contact with criminal justice and welfare systems impacts on. 'fail to stand up to sustained historical scrutiny' (Muncie, 2004, p. 51). Indeed, childhood. this 'is not to argue that every manifestation of youth crime, violence and disorder has the same origin, meaning. The benefits of restorative justice for children and young people are numerous. Children.. Cavadino/Dignan 2006; Junger-Tas/Decker 2006; Muncie/ Goldson 2006; Hazel 2008; Junger-Tas/Dünkel 2009; Dünkel et al.... Doob, A. N., Tonry, M. (Eds.) (2004): Youth Crime and Youth Justice: Com parative and Cross-national. relating to children, S. C. Sarkar & Sons Pvt. Ltd. (Calcutta-1989), p.69. Mookerjee, A. Commentaries on The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of. Children) Act, 2000, Kamal Law House, 2007. Muncie, John, Youth and Crime, John Muncie, 2 nd edn., Reprint 2002, Sage. Publications p.107. Muncie, J. (2004), Youth and. youth. Ruth Mann in her article assesses the amended Canada's Amended Youth. Criminal Justice Act introduction of deterrence as an additional sentencing aim through.. justice has become quite punitive (Goldson & Muncie, 2006).... http://www.justicepolicy.org/uploads/justicepolicy/documents/juvenile_justice.pdf. Young people conceptualised as 'very troubled and troublesome children' have in recent years become a growing focus of the media, and of political attention (Fulcher, 2001; 0'. Neill, 2001). Furthermore, academics worldwide have extensively discussed how best to tackle youth crime (Muncie and Goldson, 2006; Kilkelly,. Phil Cohen (as cited in Muncie,. 2004) argued that young people have to carry a „peculiar burden of representation‟, by this Cohen was referring to the impact of media discourse used to sensationalise and demonise young people in modern society. Studies of the content of print media have confirmed that juvenile crime. to youth crime (Goldson and Muncie 2006, McAra 2006). In the period since then, however, core elements of the Kilbrandon philosophy have been abandoned and a more complex and conflicted set of logics grafted onto the system. Juvenile justice has been restyled by policy-makers as youth justice and issues relating to. are essential to enable young people to leave the cycle of crime and reduce reoffending. The aim of.. illuminates the uniqueness of home policies and suggests more alternatives (Hazel, 2008; Muncie and.... Mosely J (undated) Road to Resettlement (Accessible at www.equal-works.com/resources/contentfiles/2370.pdf ). Available at http://www.youth-justice-board.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/711B17F5-FD94-4450-B649-1169A3437EE3/0/YJB_RiskReport1.pdf. Crime and Disorder Act 1998 Chapter 37. London: The Stationery Office. Dillane, J et al (2001). Evaluation of the Dundee Families Project - final report. Scotland: Scottish. The permanent revolution: New Labour, new public management and the modernization of criminal justice. E McLaughlin, J Muncie, G Hughes. Criminal Justice 1 (3), 301-318, 2001. 160, 2001. We predict a riot? Public order policing, new media environments and the rise of the citizen journalist. C Greer, E McLaughlin. (see Goldson and Muncie, 2006; Loeber et al., 2013). The vast majority of existing studies on the relationship between education and crime do not consider differences between age groups, and have a mixed-age research population. However, and as is shown below, youth crime can differ from adult crime. Goldson, B (2010) 'The sleep of (criminological) reason: knowledge–policy rupture and New Labour's youth justice legacy' in Criminology and. Criminal Justice 10(1): 155–178; Bateman, T (2015) 'Trends in detected youth crime and contemporary state responses, in Goldson, B and. Muncie, J (eds) Youth crime and justice. of ethnic minorities within the criminal justice system as a whole, research on this area in relation to the. commentators on the UK youth justice system (Muncie, 2002; Nellis, 2004) have noted how the USA systems.... http://www.southglos.gov.uk/corporate/Travellers/GypsyTravellerStrategy.pdf. Last accessed: 20/09/05. This thesis examines the process by which young people stop, or „desist‟ from, criminal offending in New Zealand. It does so by.... common in Anglophone nations (see Muncie, 2007). It is largely driven by the idea that.... http://www.myd.govt.nz/uploads/docs/0.7.4.1%20exec%20sum.pdf. McNeill, F 2006, „A desistance. M.; Assistant-Director, International Policy and Programmes, Children's Legal. Centre. 1 This paper was commissioned by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the 2003 Expert Workshop on the Administration of Juvenile Justice, September 2002. The European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control. person turns their life around away from crime to a law abiding lifestyle, assisted by the Youth. Offending.... from young people themselves" (Muncie, 2009:153) greater understanding of their moral agency in.... http://thenayj.org.uk/wpcontent/files_mf/children_in_conflict_with_the_law__final_22.03.12.pdf. Muncie, J., Hughes, G. and McLaughlin, E. (2002) Youth Justice: Critical Readings, London: Sage. Newburn, T. (2002) 'Young people, crime and youth justice', in M. Maguire, R. Morgan, and R. Reiner (eds) The Oxford Handbook of Criminology (Third Edition), Oxford: Oxford University Press. Osgerby, B. (1998) Youth in. Policy making in relation to youth has traditionally been studied with regard to national sovereignty and the independence of the nation state. Certainly, criminal justice remains a powerful icon of sovereign statehood (Muncie, 2005:37), and Vietnam is not an exception. In this context, policy responses to youth are interpreted.

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