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difference between data and instruction in microprocessor
how does a computer distinguishes between instructions and data
types of computer instructions
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differentiate between data and instruction
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Read the effective address: In the case of a memory instruction (direct or indirect) the execution phase will be during the next clock pulse. If the instruction has an indirect address, the effective address is read from main memory, and any required data is fetched from main memory to be processed and then placed into data
Instruction fetches can be done in chunks with the assumption that much of the time you are going to run through many instructions in a row. so instruction fetches can be more efficient, there is likely a handful or more clocks of overhead per transaction then the delay for the memory to have the data ready
Instructions and data. Our CPU processes instructions and data. It receives orders from the software. The CPU is fed a gentle stream of binary data via the RAM. These instructions can also be called program code. They include the commands which you constantly – via user programs – send to your PC using your keyboard
Copy data from a memory location to a register, or vice versa (a machine instruction is often called move; however, the term is misleading). Used to store the contents of a register, result of a computation, or to retrieve stored data to perform a computation on it later.
How does the computer distinguish between instructions and data? In the Von Neumann architecture used by most computers memory locations are used to store both program instructions and data. The CPU cannot therefore distinguish between instructions and data just by reading the bit pattern stored at a memory address.
At the lowest level, each instruction is a sequence of 0s and 1s that describes a physical operation the computer is to perform (such as "Add") and, depending on the particular instruction type, the specification of special storage areas called registers that may contain data to be used in carrying out the instruction,
Instruction is fetched into control unit 3. Instruction is decoded. 4. Address 1 sent to memory with READ signal 5. Data fetched from memory location 1 into the datapath 6. Address 2 sent to memory with READ signal 7. Data fetched from memory location 2 into the datapath 8. ADD operation is sent to ALU in datapath 9.
In a system with a pure von Neumann architecture, instructions and data are stored in the same memory, so instructions are fetched over the same data path used to fetch data. This means that a CPU cannot simultaneously read an instruction and read or write data from or to the memory.
The processor only does what you tell it to do. As you noted, the processor can't tell the difference between "data" and "code" in memory: it's all just a sequence of bytes. It's what you tell it to do with those bytes that defines how it's treated. When a program is compiled, the generated executable file has
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