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Book descriptionVery interesting and meticulous book. This is the second outstanding history book Ive read recently - the other was Antonia Frasers book on the gunpowder plot. Two different kinds of book - Frasers is a very readable narrative history where this book is a close examination of the key primary sources - but each compelling in its way.What makes Lawsons book so good is that it is on the one hand very readable and very clear, and on the other is meticulously detailed. The footnotes are extensive, the bibliography exhaustive, and Lawson carefully notes the issues where there is doubt or dissent amongst the experts - especially where his own conclusions or suppositions differ from the consensus.I am not enough of an expert on Hastings to know whether Lawson has missed anything important, but from a neophytes perspective the book seems very comprehensive. The only thing Id question is his coverage of the reasons behind the invasion. Lawson comes down on the Norman side in the legitimacy of the conquest argument - that Edward and/or Harold had promised William the throne. What he doesnt cover is the argument that the throne wasnt eithers to give. As far as Im aware the succession was decided by the Witan, not by blood inheritance or by the wishes of the previous king. Obviously in reality the decision would be a matter of politics, influence, and hopefully policy, and there is an extensive discussion to be had around that point. Lawson does suggest that Edward may have been trying to play off the various contenders against each other, and that, since he was practically Norman himself (having spent decades in exile at the ducal court of Williams father), he might well have preferred William to the other options. However there is no discussion of what options there were, and what other factors might have influenced the Witan. It would also be interesting to explore the reasons behind the Popes support of William - its likely there was a lot of intrigue and realpolitik going on. To be fair though, this is not the main topic of the book, and in reality the sources are very thin on these questions, so Lawson can be forgiven for not covering it in detail. One thing he does make very clear that is absent from the popular view of 1066 is how well the chief players must have known each other, and how closely involved the elites of England, Normandy, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, etc were with each other. Edward spent many years in exile at the court of Williams father Robert; William had spent some time in England; Harold spent time at Williams court (whether kidnapped, or there willingly as a messenger from Edward is open to interpretation); William and Edward were distantly related through Edwards mother Emma (who was Williams great aunt and the daughter of a former Duke of Normandy). A further indication of this is the fact that the current English monarch is descended both from William and from the Wessex king Alfred the Great (ancestor of the early English kings, although not of Harold). The Norman conquest was much more of a power struggle within a European elite than it was a foreign invasion.The core of the book is a discussion of the battle itself, or more accurately of the sources that tell us about the battle. Lawson covers the famous Bayeux tapestry, and the few key sources, in exhaustive detail, as well as detailing the key interpretations made by modern historians. He also looks into some tangential primary sources such as documents showing the feudal obligations of ships and men of some of Williams key Norman subjects, and examines other battles of the period (particularly earlier exploits of Williams) where the sources are better and from which some inferences about Hastings may be drawn. Lawson also presents a synthesis of all this as a sort of best guess as to what took place and how the day unfolded. Interestingly, Lawson questions the popular legend that Harolds downfall was that his army was smaller, exhausted by the earlier battle at Stamford Bridge and the subsequent rapid march south, and he makes a good case that Hastings was probably a long, dour struggle between two closely matched foes, tipped toward the Normans in the end by luck and just perhaps by the tactical nouse and experience of William and his key lieutenants.He also makes the very good point that although Hastings is seen now as a key point in history, a battle that changed things forever, at the time it may have been seen more as just one event in a long struggle for control of England. All in all, a fascinating book, a great overall coverage of one of the most famous battles in English history, and a brilliant introduction to the relevant primary and secondary sources.The Battle of Hastings 1066 by M.K. Lawson tom portable german direct link online
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