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j type instruction example
encode the following mips instructions
mips opcodes
i type instruction example
shamt mips
instruction set encoding
mips encoding calculator
encoding an instruction set in computer architecture
Several related instructions can have the same opcode. The opcode field is 6 bits long (bit 26 to bit 31). rs, rt, rd: The numeric representations of the source registers and the destination register. long (0 to 5). Example: Opcode 0x00 accesses the ALU, and the funct selects which ALU function to use.
I-type Example. • Example: ADDI. $a0, $12, 33. # a0 <- r12 + 33. • The ADDI opcode is 8, register a0 is register # 4. • What would this be in binary? In hex? 31 25 20 15. 0. 26 21 16. 8. 12 4 33. 68. CSE378. WINTER, 2001. Load-Store Formats. • A memory address is 32 bits, so it cannot be directly encoded in an instruction.
Instruction Format. Introduction. The MIPS R2000/R3000 ISA has fixed-width 32 bit instructions. Fixed-width instructions are common for RISC processors because they make it easy to fetch instructions . For example, it's not all that obvious that immediate values are stored as part of the instruction for I-type instructions.
22 Apr 2002 MIPS Encoding. •The nice thing about MIPS (and other RISC ISAs) is that it has very few formats (basically just 3). •All instructions are the same size (1 OPCODE rs rt immed. 4/22/2002. 69. I-type Example. •Example: ADDI. $a0, $12, 33. # a0 <- r12 + 33. •The ADDI opcode is 8, register a0 is register #4.
There instruction sets were characterized by functionality: arithmetic, logic, shift, data movement, flow control, and so on. And then along came MIPS. MIPS instructions are characterized bt their encoding; for example, R_type or I-type instructions. Virtually all discussions of MIPS processors use the instruction format to
Instruction Encoding. MIPS machine language; Binary encoding of instructions. MIPS instruction = 32 bits; Three instruction formats; Different ways of specifying Comp Sci 251 -- instruction encoding. 5. R-type examples. add $5, $6, $7. sll $t6, $t7, 2 #($t6=$14 $t7=$15). 000000. 00110. 00111. 00101. 00000. 100000.
MIPS Instruction formats. R-type format. 6. 5 5 5. 5. 6 src src dst. Used by add, sub etc. I-type format. 6. 5 5. 16 base dst offset. Used by lw (load word), sw (store After the subroutine executes, restore the registers. Return from the subroutine using jr (jump register). (jr ra means PC ? (ra)). Example int leaf (int g, int h, int i, int j).
Computer Science 61C Spring 2017. Friedland and Weaver. R-Format Example (1/2). • MIPS Instruction: • add $8,$9,$10. • opcode = 0 (look up in table in book). • funct = 32 (look up in table in book). • rd = 8 (destination). • rs = 9 (first operand). • rt = 10 (second operand). • shamt = 0 (not a shift). 4
8 Oct 2004 SPIM form: Opcode. Operands. Comment. Addi. $4,$7,78. # $4=$7 + 78. • Encoding of the 32 bits: – Opcode is 6 bits. – Since we have 32 registers, each register “name" is 5 bits. – This leaves 16 bits for the immediate constant. Opc rs rt immed. 10/8/2004. CSE378 Instr. encoding. 4. I-type format example.
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