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Book descriptionEM Corian, the Romanian Philosopher, is perhaps the most pessimistic writer who lures the reader with his iconoclastic thoughts about everything- life, Gods, religion, society and culture. His writings is like that of someone possessed; subversive, demoniacal, anti-inspirational, feverish and finally enchanting. This book is replete with so many lyrical aphorisms that one stays excited and wonder whether is it is a rare combo of art and philosophy. Yet, many of his aphorisms, like that of epitaphs, aim for timelessness. He is like a mad man who seeks objectivity, such is Cioran’s self-contradictory assessment and one can sense his delirious fervor in all his books. How can one resist laughing and at the same time admiring on a famous quote like, “Reality gives me asthma”.In his lifetime, Cioran , who later chose to write his works in French, was acclaimed by St John Perse as “the greatest French writer to honor our language since the death of Paul ValГ©ry”, a master of French prose and a modern Socrates, and “the most distinguished figure in the tradition of Kierkegaard, Nietzsche and Wittgenstein” (Susan Sontag). When he died in Paris in 1995, he was honored with a standing ovation in the AssemblГ©e Nationale that described him as one of the greatest French philosophers of the 20th century.The book The New Gods , beautifully translated by Richard Howard, explores humanity’s attachment to gods, death, fear, and infirmity, in essays that vary widely in form and approach. The very first line in the chapter “Demiurge” itself reflects Cioran’s deepening pessimism about man’s capacity to do anything good :-“With the exception of some aberrant cases, man does not incline to the good: what god would impel him to do so? Man must vanquish himself, must do himself violence, in order to perform the slightest action untainted by evil.” He then makes a challenging statement that our Lord had no hand in creation.“It is difficult, it is impossible to believe that the Good LordвЂ"“Our Father”вЂ"had a hand in the scandal of creation. Everything suggests that He took no part in it, that it proceeds from a god without scruples, a feculent god. Goodness does not create, lacking imagination; it takes imagination to put together a world, however botched. At the very least, there must be a mixture of good and evil in order to produce an action or a work.” “Creation is in fact a fault, man’s famous sin thereby appearing as a minor version of a much graver one. What are we guilty of, except of having followed, more or less slavishly, the Creator’s example? Easy to recognize in ourselves the fatality which was His: not for nothing have we issued from the hands of a wicked and woebegone god, a god accursed”In the next chapter “New Gods”, he says that “Man can breathe only in the shadow of eroded divinities.” In his opinion, “The beginnings of a religion (like the beginnings of anything) are always suspect. They alone, though, possess some reality, they alone are true; true and abominable.” Cioran lashes trenchantly against Christianity’s early coercion for conversion:-“But what sort of frenzy was it in which the citizen participated when he became a convert? Not so well prepared as the others, he possessed but one recourse: to hate himself. Without this deviation of hatred, at first atypical, subsequently contagious, Christianity would have remained no more than a sect, limited to a foreign clientele, actually capable of no more than painlessly trading in the old gods for a nailed corpse.”Cioran, though a Christian, is more tolerant to Judaism and quotes the Roman Emperor Julian:- “Judaism regarded them all as false except one, its own. “Their only error,” Julian says of the Jews, “is that even as they seek to satisfy their god, they do not serve the others at the same time.” Yet he praises them for their repugnance to follow the fashion with regard to religion. “I shun innovation in all things, and especially in that which concerns the gods”вЂ"an admission which has discredited him and which is used to brand him as a “reactionary.” But what “progress,” one wonders, does Christianity represent in relation to paganism? There is no “qualitative leap” from one god to another, nor from one civilization to another, any more than from one language to another.”In “Paleontology” Cioran describes a visit to a Natural History museum ( I think it must be the one in London as he speaks of Minerals section as well) , finding the relatively pedestrian destination rife with decay, death, and human weakness. The unwanted attention given to skeletons makes him nervous. He writes:- “Nowhere is one better served with respect to the past. Here the possible seems inconceivable or cracked. One gets the impression that the flesh was eclipsed upon its advent, that in fact it never existed at all, that it could not have been fastened to bones so stately, so imbued with themselves. The flesh appears as an imposture, a fraud, a disguise which masks nothing. Was this all it was? And if it is worth no more, how does it manage to inspire me with repulsion or with terror?”The chapter on “Encounters with Suicides” is fascinating for its surreal meditation. Cioran occupies a position of extreme solitude in French intellectual life. Like his fellow Romanian, the playwright Eugene Ionesco, who also lives in Paris, he is fascinated by death, although Mr. Ionesco flees it in a panic while Mr.Cioran woos it with honeyed words and knowing smiles . Cioran explores suicide in impressionistic bursts and think of suicide as “the abyss without vertigo. He finds in suicide the intoxication of feeling pulverized by your own consciousness -- and yet, without the notion of suicide one would kill oneself on the spot. We are jolted when he says “Whoever hasn’t died young deserves death”. He is seduced by the possibility of conceiving a thought -- just one, but one that would tear the universe to pieces. But it is the empty mind, the psyche detached from all idols, that liberates (a triumphal stupor): Health consists in exercise and vacuity, in muscles and meditation; in no case in thought. “But we must beware voids mimic, Nothingness. Like Nietzsche, Cioran writes ironically, poetically, of death and drive (Terrifying happiness. Veins in which thousands of planets distend). He is not without humor: Fear of an imminent collapse of the brain counts for a great deal in the need to pray.The last section, “Strangled Thoughts” is one where Cioran is at his best in the form of the aphorism. I wish to quote liberally from this section as well as some of the preceding ones to give an impression about the treasure trove of ideas the book contains :At this very moment, almost everywhere, thousands and thousands are dying, while, clutching my pen, I vainly search for a word to annotate their agony.Each moment’s tug of war between nostalgia for the deluge and intoxication with routine.What is called “strength of mind” is the courage not to imagine our fate otherwise.First duty, on getting up in the morning: to blush for yourself.Refinement is the sign of deficient vitality, in art, in love, and in everything.Endless brooding over a question undermines you as much as a dull pain.Each being is a broken hymn. The only man who knows what it feels like to be accursed is the man who knows he would have that feeling in the middle of paradise. Everything, in the end, comes down to desire or to the absence of desire. The rest is nuance.Sickness gives flavor to want, it intensifies, it picks up poverty.There is only one sign that indicates we have understood everything: tears without cause.What they ask you for is actions, proofs, works, and all you can produce are transformed tears.What is commonly called “being expressive” is being prolix.On the spiritual level, all pain is an opportunity; on the spiritual level alone.The only true solitude is where we brood upon the urgency of a prayerвЂ"a prayer posterior to God and to faith itself.Frivolous, disconnected, an amateur at everything, I shall have known thoroughly only the disadvantage of having been born.We would not be interested in human beings if we did not have the hope of someday meeting someone worse off than ourselves.Suicide is a sudden accomplishment, a lightning like deliverance: it is nirvana by violence.So simple a fact as looking at a knife and realizing that it depends only on yourself to make a certain use of it gives you a sensation of sovereignty which can turn to megalomania.Sleep would be good for something if each time we dropped off we tried to see ourselves die; after a few years’ training, death would lose all its prestige and would seem no more than a formality or a pinprick.To look for a meaning in anything is less the act of a naif than of a masochist.Eat nothing you have not sown and harvested with your own hand”вЂ"this recommendation of Vedic wisdom is so legitimate and so convincing that, in one’s rage over being unable to abide by it, one would like to let oneself starve to death.So long as you envy another’s success, even if it is a god’s, you are a vile slave like everyone else.We may be sure that the twenty-first century, more advanced than ours, will regard Hitler and Stalin as choirboys.Death is the aroma of existence. Death alone lends savor to the moments, alone combats their insipidity. We owe death almost everything. This debt of recognition which we now and then consent to pay is what is most comforting here on earth.Wisdom disguises our wounds: it teaches us how to bleed in secret.Everything blurs and fades in human beings except the look in their eyes and the voice: without these, we could recognize no one after a few years.Nothing gives us a better conscience than to fall asleep with the clear view of one of our defects, which till then we hadn’t dared admit, we hadn’t even suspected.Speech and silence. We feel safer with a madman who talks than with one who cannot open his mouth.Awakening is independent of intellectual capacities: a genius can be a dunce, spiritually speaking. Moreover, knowledge as such gets one no further. An illiterate can possess “the eye of understanding” and thereby find himself above and beyond any scholar.I love Cioran’s howling pessimism and he teaches us to doubt than devour everything that we come across in life. He is a rare distillation of all the philosophers- Pascal, Montaigne, La Rochefoucauld and Schopenhauer – who preceded him. The New Gods reaffirms Cioran’s belief in “lucid despair,” and his own signature mixture of pessimism and scepticism in language that never fails to be a pleasure. Let me conclude with his lovely message :-“ For a man to whom freedom and vertigo are equivalent, a faith, wherever it comes from, even if it were antireligious, is a salutary shackle, a desired, a dreamed-of chain whose function will be to constrain curiosity and fever, to suspend the anguish of the indefinite.” I must frame this somewhere.The New Gods by Emil M. Cioran kindle online bookshop without signing full version
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