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CS202 7- 2. Relationship of Objects. • Friends, Nesting. • Static Members. Template Functions and Classes. • Reusing Code. • Template Specializations. • Implicit and Explicit Instantiations. • Partial Specializations. • Discuss Efficiency Implications
viii) Software complexity can be easily managed. 1.7 WHAT IS C++. • C++ is an object oriented programming language developed by. Biarne stroustrup at AT & T Bell laboratories. • C++ is an extension of c with a major addition of the class construct feature. pdfMachine - is a pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with
In C++, a non member function cannot have access to the private data of a class. But there could be a situation where we would like different classes to share a particular function. In such a situation, C++ introduced a special function called friend function and this function is common to different classes and can access to the
Friend Functions and Friend Classes. Page 1. Friend Functions and Friend Classes. C++ allows you to declare another class to be a “friend" of the current class to make it easier to access variables. OOP purists have criticized this feature as weakening the principles of encapsulation and information hiding.
Friend Function (I). Non-member function. Has access to private and protected data of class. It gets the access through declaration in the class with keyword 'friend'. It can be declared anywhere in class, i.e., private/public scope. It has minimum one object of the class as its parameter because it accesses data
15 Feb 2014
C++ friend Function and friend Classes. In this article, you'll learn to create friend function and class in C++, and use them efficiently in your program. So, there is mechanism built in C++ programming to access private or protected data from non-member functions.
Basic Operator Overloading. ? Unary operators. ? As member functions. ? Friends and Automatic Type Conversion. ? Friend functions, friend classes. ? Constructors for automatic type conversion. ? References and More Overloading Already work for C++ built-in types. ? In standard 'binary' notation. ? We can overload them!
A friend function of a class is defined outside that class' scope but it has the right to access all private and protected members of the class. Even though the prototypes for friend functions appear in the class definition, friends are not member functions.
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