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INSPIRATION: Inspiration is the active part of the breathing process, which is initiated by the respiratory control centre in medulla oblongata (Brain stem). Activation of medulla causes a contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles leading to an expansion of thoracic cavity and a decrease in the pleural space
1. LECTURE NOTES ON HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY (Dr. GUL ERDEMLI) CONTENTS. 1. MECHANICS OF BREATHING: 2. REGULATION AND CONTROL OF BREATHING: 3. VENTILATION 4. LUNG VOLUMES AND PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS 5. DIFFUSION 6. PERFUSION 7.
wide variety of physiological responsibilities. These responsibilities vary with rest or exercise, disease or health. Throughout this book, the reader will discover that the respiratory tract is a delicate and complicated system that can be involved in a number of disease processes. An understanding of the anatomy and physi-.
Respiration includes 2 processes: 1) External respiration – is the uptake of O2 and excretion of . 300 million of alveoli in the human lungs of different sizes - instability of the system. 2x surface tension. Laplace?s in the alveoli and small airways with additional important physiological effects. Composition of the surfactant.
A brief review of the anatomy and fundamental physiologic concepts of the human respiratory system is presented, including postnatal lung growth and development, mechanical function of the airway and lung parenchyma, alveolar gas exchange, ventilation-perfusion and diffusion-perfusion relationships, alveolar
like a human being. Therefore, the evolution of large animals required the development of specialized structures to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide for the entire animal with the external environment. In humans (and other mammals), the respiratory system includes the lungs, the series of tubes leading to the lungs,
This chapter provides the fundamentals of the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system and may be skipped if the reader has an established background in this field. The primary function of the respiratory system is gas exchange. Oxygen (which we need for our cells to function) from the external environment is
6 Respiratory System. ?Overview. -The respiratory system consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and the lungs (Figure 6.1, Derrickson). -The purpose of the respiratory system is to bring O2 into the body and to take CO2 out of the body. O2 enters the body when you inhale. The O2 then diffuses into the
a. Capillary endothelium. - form calveoli. ~ 0.1 um thick by 126 m2 b. Alveolar type I cells. - also 0.1 µm thick. - have 1 nm gap junctions. - impermeable to albumin. - allow extravasation of m?'s. - unable to divide. - highly sensitive to hyperoxia c. Alveolar type II cells. - rounded cells at septal junctions. - produce surfactant.
The normal adult human lung weighs about 1000g and consists of about 50% blood and 50% tissue by weight. About 10% of the total lung volume is composed of various types of conducting airways and some connective tissue. The remaining 90% is the respiratory or gas exchange portion of the lung, composed of alveoli
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