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Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures. Software Developer's Manual. Volume 2 (2A, 2B, 2C & 2D):. Instruction Set Reference, A-Z. NOTE: The Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manual consists of three volumes: Basic Architecture, Order Number 253665; Instruction Set Reference A-Z, Order Number 325383;.
?Fixed instruction formats of MIPS. – Simple decoding logic. – Waste of memory space. – Limited addressing modes. ?Variable length formats of IA32. – Difficult to decode; sequential decoding. – Compact machine codes. – Accommodate versatile addressing modes. CS 365. 16. ?Large pool of general purpose registers
add instruction from other instructions We are not that concerned with machine code, but it's good to keep track of what needs to be encoded in an instruction. Page 9. IA32. 9. Adding bytes (8 bit registers) addb srcreg, dstreg. – treats the contents of both registers as 8 bit integers. – adds the contents of the two registers and
IA32 instructions. Addressing modes. • Immediate. $val Val val: constant integer value movl $17, %eax. • Normal. (R). Mem[Reg[R]]. R: register R specifies memory address movl (%ecx), %eax. • Displacement. D(R). Mem[Reg[R]+D]. R: register specifies start of memory region. D: constant displacement D specifies offset.
Supporting Different Sizes in IA-32. • Three main data sizes. • Byte (b): 1 byte. • Word (w): 2 bytes. • Long (l): 4 bytes. • Separate assembly-language instructions. • E.g., addb, addw, and addl. • Separate ways to access (parts of) a register. • E.g., %ah or %al, %ax, and %eax. • Larger sizes (e.g., struct). • Manipulated in smaller
IA32 Assembly Instructions (Common ones). Page 1 of 2. Registers. %eax, %ebx, %ecx, %edx, %esi, %edi, %esp, %ebp. Operand Forms (for S & D). Type. Form. Value. Immediate. $Imm. Imm. Register. Ea. R[Ea]. Memory. Imm. M[Imm]. Memory. (Ea). M[R[Ea]]. Memory. Imm(Eb). M[Imm + R[Eb]]. Memory. (Eb,Ei). M[R[Eb] +
18 Nov 2008 Note that the IA32 instruction set is described in several large volumes made freely available by Intel. These volumes should not be read cover to cover, but should be used to look up particular technical details once you have read this introduction. In particular, volumes 2A and 2B describe every instruction
This chapter is intended to be a reference you can use when programming in IA-32 assembly. It covers the most important aspects of the IA-32 architecture. 2.1 Assembly Language Statements. All assembly instructions, assembler directives and macros use the following format: [label] mnemonic [operands] [; comment].
The way I understand it, lea/leal finds out the memory address of the first operand and writes this address into the second operand (which might be a register or so). Sounds accurate enough. It's used to perform address arithmetic; which can be as simple as just loading an address, but you can also use it to
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