Saturday 31 March 2018 photo 6/44
|
Atsc transport stream
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=========> atsc transport stream [>>>>>> Download Link <<<<<<] (http://dekucuki.relaws.ru/21?keyword=atsc-transport-stream&charset=utf-8)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=========> atsc transport stream [>>>>>> Download Here <<<<<<] (http://iugnsz.lopkij.ru/21?keyword=atsc-transport-stream&charset=utf-8)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copy the link and open in a new browser window
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
This Recommended Practice provides a common methodology for describing Transport Stream conformance criteria. This RP explicitly describes the elements and parameters of A/53 and A/65 that should be verified in an ATSC Transport Stream for it to be considered a proper emission. It does not cover. It may contain a number of streams of audio or video content multiplexed within the transport stream. Transport streams are designed with synchronization and recovery in mind for potentially lossy distribution (such as over-the-air ATSC broadcast) in order to continue a media stream. MPEG transport stream is a standard digital container format for transmission and storage of audio, video, and Program and System Information Protocol (PSIP) data. It is used in broadcast systems such as DVB, ATSC and IPTV. Transport stream specifies a container format encapsulating packetized elementary streams,. Record 30 - 40. Q Check ASI™. 4-200 stream ASI Transport Stream Analyzer with live continuous monitoring and analyzing for Head Ends. Supports emails and messages on alarm conditions. DECONTIS SAM-MT 450 8VSB. High End Real Time ATSC Monitoring System with RF and or ASI input for complete off air analysis. Features : Input : RF, ASI, IP; play-back recorded TS; MPEG, EPG, Subtitle/CC, Teletext, DSMCC, MHP/HbbTV; bit-rate measurements; comprehensive IP streaming features; TS recorder. Broadcast Analyzer. SAMcorder – ATSC•DVB•ISDB Real-Time Broadcast Analysis. Transport Stream Analyzer. toggle. ATSC. DVB. ISDB. the received Transport Stream gets analyzed and all announced program services and their corresponding PIDs in gets lists in a comfortable tree view; via simple double click on a program entry an appropriate IP streamer gets created to stream all relevant program data to another application, e.g. for playing back the A/V. The digital ATSC standards replace the analog National Television System Committee (NTSC) standards for nearly all "major" broadcasters in the US and Canada. In the typical deployment, ATSC broadcasts use 8VSB modulation in a 6 MHz channel to transmit a 19.39 Mbit/s MPEG Transport Stream,. This Recommended Practice provides a common methodology for describing Transport Stream conformance criteria. This RP explicitly describes the elements and parameters of A/53 and A/65 that should be verified in an ATSC Transport Stream for it to be considered a proper emission. It does not cover. My MPEG-2 DVB and ATSC transport stream tools: epid - erase select programs in a multicast stream so that it will compress better atrim - trim (edit) ATSC streams ec - count the transmission errors in a stream fix1088 - change the vertical_size_value in the MPEG-2 video sequence headers from 1088 to 1080. This will. An ATSC transport stream is a 19.39Mb/s one way digital data pipe from the program originator to a viewer. This would be like explaining the entire standard in a few sentence, but here it is: MPEG 2 systems - numbered ISO/IEC 13818-1 defines the structure of packets and timing of how compressed video along with associated information can be transported. Such a stream is called transport stream which is. DVB and ATSC (the European- and American-originated digital-television broad-.. Streams. For transmission and digital broadcasting, several programs and their associat- ed PES can be multiplexed into a single Transport Stream.. The MPEG transport stream is an extremely complex structure using interlinked. Implementing the ATSC PSIP. Standard. Paul Freeman, SoftProse Inc. (www.softproseinc.com). 2. Tutorial Outline. • Introduction. • MPEG-2 Transport Stream Demultiplexing. • The MPEG-2 PAT and PMT. • The ATSC System Time Table. • The ATSC Virtual Channel Table and Channel. Navigation API. • The ATSC Electronic. The ATSC service information tutorial else where on this site describes the major differences between DVB services and digital services in the USA or Canada, but. Each transport stream consists of a set of sub-streams (known as elementary streams ), where each elementary stream can contain either MPEG-2 encoded. The ATSC has just released a recommended practice (RP) on DTV transport stream (TS) verification. Document A/78, “ATSC Recommended Practice: Transport Stream Verification," outlines a common methodology for describing transport stream conformance criteria. This document explicitly describes. In this paper, we developed low power transport demultiplexer to support MPEG-2 transport streams for ATSC and DVB digital broadcast standards. Novel window based packet identification (PID) and section filtering is presented to provide a cost effective and flexible solution. Proposed transport demultiplexer is realized in. Transmission signaling. Transport signaling. HE. AACv2. FLUTE. (file transfer protocol). CEA. 708. OMA BACST service guide. Announcement. (ESG). A/V streaming. NRT. Conditional access. Time of day signaling. Service signaling channel. AWC. AFD. RME. FIC. ATSC-M/H ensembles. ATSC PSIP. IPv4. UDP. ALC/LCT. encoded content that can be added to the bouquet of MPTS services, and high-defi- nition content. This paper explores the technical challenges of managing the complex bouquet of programs con- fronting the terrestrial DTV broadcaster, with a focus on how to switch programs in the ATSC transport stream. Jean Macher. ATSC Transport Stream Files. These are the actual ATSC transport stream files used to test consumer broadcast products. " Successful delivery of cable DTV today requires that an operator be able to monitor and analyze all elements of the IP-based layer that facilitate distribution of content – including the MPEG layer. SCTE and ATSC standards define the contents and characteristics of the transport stream. A new standard. numbering, packetizing, private data, Program and System Infor- mation Protocol (PSIP), sections, synchronization, tables, timing, transport layer, transport stream (TS), virtual channels. I. INTRODUCTION. The ATSC digital television (DTV) system, as described in the ATSC DTV standard [1], provides a flexible frame-. Manzanita's transport stream analyzer software verifies a TS file for compliance with MPEG, ATSC, DVB, CableLabs or a custom profile. MPEG-2 Transport Stream Poster. ISO/IEC 13818-1 International Standard. Program and System Information Protocol (PSIP) for Terrestrial Broadcast and Cable (Doc. A/65 and A/69). Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) www.tektronix.com. ISO/IEC 13818-1 Transport Packet. TRANSPORT STREAM SYNTAX. The StreamXpert is DekTec's industry-standard stream analyzer. TSReader is an MPEG-2 Transport Stream Analyzer used worldwide to inspect DVB, ATSC, ISDB, SCTE, Digicipher II and IPTV television streams. The Transport Stream, using fixed-size packets of 188 bytes, is designed for applications where data loss is likely. Also containing audio, video and data bitstreams all merged into a single bitstream, multiple programs can be carried. tMyn. MPEG-2 Transport streams. 3. The DVB and ATSC digital television standards use. ATSC includes two primary high definition video formats, 1080i and 720p. It also includes standard-definition formats, although initially only HDTV services were launched in the digital format. ATSC can carry multiple channels of information on a sin... view the full answer. Mplayer time OSD in ATSC transport streams. I use my system as a dvr by way of a Hauppauge tuner card with a script and cron entries. The actual capture of the stream is done by: Code: cat /dev/video0 > $outfile #(analog) cat /dev/dvb/adapter0/dvr0 > $outfile #(digital). When capture is made from analog. The Azimuth AZ860 Transport Stream Multiplexer is the ideal product to realize transparent and efficient transmissions of several MPEG Transport Streams on a single transmission channel, such as a DVB-S or. Concentrates and deconcentrates up to 8 DVB or ATSC Transport Streams into a single Transport Stream. In most cases, stations that will share a channel are not at the same location, so the video needs to be multiplexed into a single transport stream prior to reaching the transmitter. It is possible for each station to encode separately and then multiplex their streams together at the transmitter, but the resulting.
ATSC Transport Stream Multiplex. PSI G. PAT. PMT. Null. PSIP (MGT, VCT, STT …) CAT. PSIP Generator. PSI Generator. Metadata. Video/Audio channel. Video Encoder. Audio Encoder. M lti. Video. Audio. Video Encoder. Audio Encoder. Video/Audio channel. Multi- plexer. Audio Encoder. Video Encoder. Video/Audio. Because my company is cheap and won't spring for a real one, even though it would be ohhhhh so helpful. I need something that can show me a detailed analysis of the MPEG transport stream as well as the system layer - both ATSC and DVB flavors. My problem is that I am sending out Dolby Digital AC3. The CP505 ATSC Processor offers flexible ASI, SMPTE 310 and IP network adaptation and advanced Transport Stream processing in a user-friendly and compact 1RU solution. The CP505 provides a powerful solution for adaptation of MPEG Transport Streams to ATSC broadcast and other transport stream processing. The NWE-TS accepts a DVB-ASI input, containing a 19.39 Mbps ATSC TS. It applies the watermark to up to 10 user-selected audio streams which can be 5.1-channel surround, stereo or mono. All watermarked audio streams are reinserted. ITU-R recommends that digital television systems employ the MPEG‑2 Transport Stream syntax for the packetization and multiplexing of video, audio, and data signals for digital broadcasting systems. The MPEG-2. The audio T-STD for System A is specified in § 3.6 of Annex A of [ATSC, 1995a] (see Appendix 1). The audio. be added as optional I/O modules. The Delay Server supports ATSC, DVB, MPEG ISO and DigiCipher-2 streams, encrypted or in the clear. Each input stream designated for delay is delivered to the designated output(s) as it comes in, at the correct time. The transport stream delay server offers many configuration options of. In ATSC 3.0, STL links will need to be more flexible than what is currently deployed. Key Considerations. Systems designed initially for ATSC 1.0 and a constant data rate of 19.39Mb/s and with a SMPTE-310M, or ASI Transport Stream. For ATSC 3.0, higher data rates up to ≅ 60 Mb/s may mean that the original STL may not. Simultaneously monitors two MPEG-2 DVB ASI Transport Streams (TS); Compliant with ETSI TR101290 specification and ATSC TS streams packet, burst and byte modes; Multiple switching methods, including near-seamless (between co-timed Identical streams) and non-seamless switching, Manual or Automatic; Transport. PSIP is a small collection of tables designed to operate within every transport stream (TS) for terrestrial broadcast of digital television. Its purpose is to describe the information at the system and event levels for all virtual channels carried in a particular TS. Additionally, information for analog channels as well. MPEG-2 transport stream (TS), standardized by the ISO/IEC as part of the well-known MPEG-2 standards family, is the most widely deployed standard for multimedia services in traditional broadcast industry, such as ATSC and DVB-T. MPEG standards have been designed to specify essential features for. Somehow the original of this post was deleted today ??? I'm looking for ATSC transport stream samples. Preferrably on DVD-R but download links too I. HD/SD MPEG Multiplexer. • Transport Stream (TS) grooming and remultiplexing of any service on ASI or GIGE. • PSIP table management, service filtering and remapping. • Control the PSIP/SI branding of all your service channels with advanced ATSC table processing. ASI Transport Stream Over IP. From its conception, the ATSC transport stream was always intended to deliver more than 5.1 audio and HDTV video. Even the earliest TS specifications included a program guide methodology. Many of the ATSC standards are devoted to TS-delivered data services. Building Transport Packets Compression engines. ATSC Stuffing Descriptor The stuffing descriptor may appear in any ATSC table and may be used as a place holder where it is known that it may be necessary to insert a new descriptor, for example, when the transport stream crosses a network boundary. The stuffing descriptor may also be used to replace a descriptor that is. Supports both DVB and ATSC specifications. • Monitors VC-1 and MPEG-4 AVC streams. • Modulation measurements for RF inputs. • Error detection according to ETR290 specification. • Bitrate alarms. • TS / Service / PID analysis. • PSI / SI (DVB) and PSIP (ATSC) table analysis. • User friendly remote control from web. TSM 1770. The TSM 1770 Transport Stream Monitor enables engineers to monitor compressed audio, video,. transport stream and physical layer monitoring for complete system confidence. Using a multi-layer approach, the. monitor for TR 101 290 and ATSC A/78 errors, access error logs, and make stream recordings. This Recommended Practice provides a common methodology for describing Transport. Stream conformance criteria. This document explicitly describes the elements and parameters of SCTE 54 [2], along with ATSC A/53-3 [5] and A/65 [6] that should be verified in an SCTE Transport Stream for it to be considered a proper. ATSC 3.0 Elementary Streams are identified by destination address and port instead of PID. S13 Part 4 starts with ROUTE and works its way up the protocol stacks. ROUTE is Real-time Object delivery over Unidirectional Transport. It allows for a source and a repair stream in the ROUTE environment. MULTIPLEXING As previously mentioned, the compressed bitstream fed to the ATSC transmitter is known as a transport stream, and contains video, audio, and ancillary data packets. The standard used for this is also defined by MPEG, and is generally referred to as the MPEG-2 Transport Stream (or MPEG-2 TS) standard. Technologies now available for processing and splicing transport streams have overcome most of the early drawbacks of transport stream distribution and allow many operations, such as local logo insertion, to be performed in the compressed domain. They also allow the output of local ATSC encoders to be seamlessly.
The transport multiplexer (also known as a mux) is responsible for receiving the compressed video bit stream, compressed audio bit streams, PSIP bit stream,. Figure 5.22-4, from ATSC standard A/53, illustrates that the ATSC transport subsystem resides between the video and audio encoders (application encoders in the. input to JDSU's Transport Stream Multiplexer (TSM). Private Table Builder - build private definition files containing user-defined tables and descriptors. ATSC Transport Stream Analyzer - performs comprehensive, real-time analysis of ATSC and MPEG-2 transport streams. DVB Transport Stream Analyzer - performs. TS Analyser is a free software that allows deep analysis of MPEG-2 transport streams in DVB digital television. From a file in .TS or .MPG format, the TS Analyser loads the transport stream and displays it in a tree structure with the PSI/SI tables. Specific information is shown in tables that. DVB, ISDB-T and ATSC systems. DVBAnalyzer enables powerful analyzing of all aspects of DVB/ATSC/ISDB Transport Streams. This can be done with high level summary overviews, down to bit interpretation. By quickly identifying different fields of interest, DVBAnalyzer helps developers, broadcasters, system integrators and field engineers during. In order to deploy ATSC 3.0, the DTV broadcast station requires implementation of several processing functions as indicated in the block diagram below. Note that IP networking has been specified throughout ATSC 3.0 and replaces traditional MPEG-2 transport stream interfaces used in ATSC 1.0 networks. Implementation. also cable and satellite, is the wave of the very near future. TRANSPARENT DISTRIBUTION. As we discussed last time, sending a transport stream from network headquarters to local stations allows for the audio and video to be pre-compressed into a "composite" ATSC transport stream (in other parts of the. ATSC Analyzer Kit™. Real Time SMPTE 310M Analyzer Kit. Consisting of an ATSC Master™ II FD PCIe. Card and a Copy of COOL.STF.com's TS. Reader™ Transport Stream Analyzer/. Decoder/Player. Enabled via a DVEO. Software Patch to the TS Reader Application to Work with SMPTE 310M Streams. Overview. TP (ATSC transport stream) files from a different program are not a possible file extension so are not imported. Also, when I open/play them from MC it automatically opens up WMP where it plays fine with the PureVideo decoder?? Logged. I am now going to add the transport stream support. I need ATSC transport streams for development and testing. Can anyone provide me with some? Also, what are the extensions I need to support: trp, tp, ts, other? Thank you. Guest is offline. The TSACO-3000 is a transport stream automatic failover switch and transport stream format converter all in one. The TSACO-3000 is compliant with both ATSC and DVB standards and is ATSC Mobile DTV Ready. The TSACO-3000 enables broadcasters to automatically switch between a primary and backup transport. Figure 1 – Structure of the ATSC Transport Stream. DTVCC captions have greatly enhanced formatting and display capabilities compared to 608, with up to 63 services per program (only 16 can be announced in. PSIP), eight independently controlled display windows, and an extended range of characters and multiple fonts,. Countries in Europe, as well as many others, have adopted the DVB standard. I'll concentrate on the ATSC format in this article. Digital Modulation. In addition to adding program information and error correction to the MPEG-2 transport stream, the. ATSC standard also specifies the RF modulation necessary. Test coverage: MPEG2 Transport Stream. TS packets, Adaptation-fields, PCR, stuffing, etc. Test coverage: PSI (program specific info). MPEG2, A/65 PSIP, SCTE-35 Splice table sections. Test coverage: Descriptors. MPEG2, MPEG4, ATSC, SCTE. Test coverage: PES (packetized elementary stream) packets. Generic: header. Polistream Xpect can simultaneously monitor multiple MPTS or SPTS DVB or ATSC Transport Streams and apply template matching to check the properties of services, service components and tables. Also included is detection of frozen video, black frames and audio silence. Upon the detection of a fault, the monitored. ... MPEG-2 Part 1, Systems (ISO/IEC standard 13818-1). Its design goal is to allow multiplexing of digital video and audio and to synchronize the output. Transport stream offers features for error correction for transportation over unreliable media, and is used in broadcast applications such as DVB and ATSC. One software package, pcdhtvr or "ATSC Transport Stream Tools for Linux" has a neat utility called "atscut", the container utility. After I got 15 minutes of "24" in a file called 24.ts, running atscut with the -g option: $ atscut -g 24.ts. Returned this: Program Guide DUP remove pg_idx 22 Old pg 22 new no-DUP pg1 22 PSIP. RX8320 – ATSC Broadcast Receiver. (RX8320/BAS, FAZ 101 0108/20). The following features are available as standard: • 8VSB demodulator. • Transport stream input with ASI connection. • Automatic redundancy switching between ASI and 8VSB inputs. • Transport stream output with ASI connection. • MPEG-2 SD 4:2:0. MPEG transport stream (TS) is a standard format for transmission and storage of audio, video, and Program and System Information Protocol (PSIP) data,[7] and is used in broadcast systems such as DVB and ATSC. Transport Stream is specified in MPEG-2 Part 1, Systems (formally known as ISO/IEC. The document reviews current methods appropriate to a range of technologies (DVB, ATSC, DOCSIS, and variants). It also describes the interaction with well- known protocols for address management including DHCP, ARP, and the ND protocol. The MPEG-2 TS provides a time-division multiplexed (TDM) stream that may. Transport Stream from DVB, ATSC, ISDB-T and DTMB processing, PID filtering, CAM descrambling. TS generator. Open source FPGA and host apps implementation. DVB, ATSC, DigiCipher II. • MPEG2 / H.264 Video decoder to verify contents on the LCD screen. • CEA-608 CEA-708 Closed Captioning. • PTP IEEE1588 display with network scan. • Alarms on all streams simultaneously. • can monitor both ASI and IP streams at the same time. • Auto discovery of all transport streams on. VEGA TSA– MPEG-2 Transport Stream Analyzer. VEGA TSA is an MPEG-2 transport stream analyzer for development and testing of MPEG delivery systems. Based on ATSC, DVB, ISDB, TR101 290, CableLabs VoD, and MPEG standards, VEGA TSA provides a microscopic view into MPEG-2 transport streams from. Format (ISO-BMFF) as a generic. & pivotal format at the interface of the TV studios. ATSC has also selected parts of the ISO-MPEG protocols - DASH (Dynamic. Adaptive Streaming over http:) and MMT (MPEG Media Transport). - to stream Rich Media files either on a unidirectional Broadcast platform (using DASH or MMT). Greg Herlein writes: > It's come to light in my work on transport streams this week that > DVB-formatted streams (prevalent in Europe and on many satellites > here in the US) have subtle differences from ATSC-formatted > streams (prevalent here in the US for digital broadcasting, > especially the free to air. 3.7 Other Important Details of the MPEG-2 Transport Stream............78. 3.7.1 The Transport Priority ... 10.3.3 Asynchronous Serial Transport Stream Interface (TS ASI) 185. 10.3.4 SMPTE 310 Interface .. 11.17 Monitoring an ATSC-Compliant MPEG-2 Transport Stream..204. 12 Picture Quality Analysis of Digital TV Signals . T-VIPS Delivers ATSC Transport Stream Processing and Management Solutions. Europe's leading and widest range of advanced Digital Terrestrial processing systems arrive at NAB in an ATSC-ready package for digital transition projects. T-VIPS AS, a global leader in professional video management and distribution, today. Each captured transport stream is transcoded into a low res proxy for easy playback, review, segmenting, and download through a web browser from any location. Encompass monitors transport stream parameters per ETSI TR101.290, with 24x7 monitoring and logging of Loudness/LKFS per the requirements of the ATSC. This is a critical value when creating a transport stream. If its too large, the output stream will be larger than necessary, and if too low, audio and video packets will underflow. VideoReDo Plus assumes that the mux rate will be constant for the entire stream. Automatic / Manual / ATSC: In automatic mode, VideoReDo Plus will. Digital Serial/Parallel Transport Stream Interface for DVB/ATSC Standards. • High-speed 480 Mbits/s USB2.0 interface to the host systems. • Support ITU CCIR-656/601 YUV 4:2:2 format (8 bits) video input. • AC97-Linki's for audio control and audio data interfaces. • Integrated 'c-compatible Controller with data clock rate up. A single electronic device is disclosed that splits a transport stream in order to simultaneously produce NTSC and ATSC standard outputs with the same video and audio content so that the same content can be viewed side-by-side on a standard definition NTSC television and an ATSC digital HDTV set at the same time. ATSC Transport Stream Monitor. The ATSC Transport Stream Monitor will collect various information about current MUX. Any changes in the MUX will be reflected immediately in UI. This makes ATSC Transport Stream Monitor suitable for monitoring a MUX over a longer period of time. MUX information is displayed on. 1080p VBR Video Quality Test Streams. Sony HDW-F900 footage, 1080p@25, 18 Mbps average, 30 Mbps peak in a 35 Mbps Transport Stream (259,534,064 bytes) · Rendered animation, 1080p@29.97, 25 Mbps average, 37 Mbps peak in a 40 Mbps Transport Stream (308,528,945 bytes). The ATSC-SI structure differs in several ways. It has a fixed PID to program number relationship. Since the program number is listed in the SI. (service_id in DVB, source_id in. ATSC), you can bypass the PAT/PMT and go direct to the content. Secondly,. ATSC only requires one set of tables for all transport streams: DVB. Additional features include programme information display of MPEG-compliant transport streams plus automatic error logging. Neo TS Time Delay incorporates UDP/RTP input/output, unicast or multicast via standard Gigabit Ethernet ports. • Compressed DVB/ATSC TS Stream Delay. • Delay of other non MPEG TS data. High Speed: The TS 1692A is the fastest and most powerful MPEG2, DVB, ATSC, ISDB player/recorder in the industry. It is capable of playing and recording a high speed MPEG2 data stream up to 212 Mbits/s. The TS 1692A can stream out and record multiple transport streams with a total bandwidth of 320 Mbits/s. The ATSC system is capable of carrying multiple standard definition television (SDTV) programs or a single high definition television (HDTV) program with the associated sound, as well as ancillary data information in a single 6 MHz terrestrial broadcasting channel. Encapsulation of IP data into an ATSC transport stream. MPEG RF Signal Generator — RTX130B. Characteristics. System Characteristics. Characteristic. Description. MPEG Stream Source. Supports MPEG-2, DVB, and ATSC Transport Stream protocols. Records and plays out MPEG Transport. Streams in multiple formats. Error-free looping. PCR. Jitter insertion. Packet Length. MPEG Transport Stream Monitor — MTM400A. Measurement Functions. MTM400A Extended Confidence Monitor in Standard. Configuration. MPEG-2, DVB (TR 101 290), ATSC, and ISDB (Japan & Brazil) supported. TR 101 290 Priority 1, 2, and 3 measurements*2 in accordance with the techniques specified in TR 101. “Our transport stream monitors are the leading choice of broadcasters for improving quality assurance operations for MPEG and IP workflows," said Ralph Bachofen, vice president of sales and marketing at Triveni Digital. “Partnering with Avateq, a company with cost-effective, professional-grade RF. MPEG-2 Transport Stream provides service flexibility for multicasting. • But Broadcasting isn't part of the internet … and its massive global investment. Internet. Tablet. Smartphones. Smart TV. PC. “Just" TV. 4G. WiFi. Tablet. WiFi. Smartphones. 4G. Smart TV. Internet. PC. ATSC 3.0. • Internet Protocol based - enable.
Annons