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Includes a simple view of ionic bonding and the way you need to modify this for A'level purposes. Covalent bonding . . . Includes a simple view of covalent bonding (single and double) and the modifications needed for A'level purposes. Co-ordinate (dative covalent) bonding . . . Explains what co-ordinate (dative covalent)
This is described as a polar bond. A polar bond is a covalent bond in which there is a separation of charge between one end and the other - in other words in which one end is slightly positive and the other slightly negative. Examples include most covalent bonds. The hydrogen-chlorine bond in HCl or the hydrogen-oxygen
COVALENT BONDING - SINGLE BONDS. This page explains what covalent bonding is. It starts with a simple picture of the single covalent bond, and then modifies it slightly for A'level purposes. It also goes on to a more sophisticated view involving hybridisation. This isn't required by many UK-based syllabuses at this level.
Chemguide – answers. COVALENT BONDING (double bonds). 1. a) b). It doesn't matter what colours or dots or crosses you use as long as the different electrons around the carbon are fairly obvious. c) d). 2. a) 1s2 2s2 2px. 1 2py. 1 b) c) Hybridisation rearranges the electrons into new orbitals ready for bonding. In this case
COVALENT BONDING - DOUBLE BONDS. This page explains how double covalent bonds arise. It starts with a simple picture of double covalent bonding, and then takes a more sophisticated view of the bonding in ethene.
Chemguide – questions. COVALENT BONDING (single bonds). You will need a copy of the Periodic Table for some questions. 1. A covalent bond consists of a pair of shared electrons between two atoms. How does this shared pair hold the two atoms together? 2. Draw dots-and-crosses diagrams (showing outer electrons
This page explains what co-ordinate (also called dative covalent) bonding is. Ammonium ions, NH4+, are formed by the transfer of a hydrogen ion from the hydrogen chloride to the lone pair of electrons on the ammonia molecule. Once the ammonium ion has been formed it is impossible
IONIC (ELECTROVALENT) BONDING. This page explains what ionic (electrovalent) bonding is. It starts with a simple picture of the formation of ions, and then modifies it slightly for A'level purposes. A simple view of ionic bonding. The importance of noble gas structures. At a simple level (like GCSE) a lot of importance is
When the combining atoms have 4, 5, 6, or 7 electrons in the outermost or valence shell, they cannot donate electrons. Instead, they mutually share electrons in order to complete their octet in the outermost orbit or shell. Such a type of valency is referred to as covalency and the bond created between such atoms is called a
Chemguide – answers. COVALENT BONDING (single bonds). 1. The pair of electrons is attracted to the nucleus of both of the atoms which share it. 2. a). It doesn't matter where you draw the three hydrogens around the circle. b). Again, it doesn't matter where you place the two hydrogens. c) d). It obviously doesn't matter

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March 2018